The Most Overlooked Answer for College Essay Examples

The Most Overlooked Answer for College Essay Examples The 30-Second Trick for College Essay Examples The entry essay may be a critical concern in your school vocation. The most important question of all students who must compose a reflective or private essay is whether it's possible to think of such sort of academic paper without sounding too egotistical. Consider your feelings about the scenario, how it affected you and what you learned from the experience instead of just simply recalling the circumstance or the individual you lost. Ultimately, the detail of real speech makes the scene pop. College Essay Examples for Dummies While it's true that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely tough to write. Fine, but you must be ready to write whatever you truly feel like writing from a college that might not be your first alternative. Now you can get genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done too. Your college essay ought to be a concise essay about who you are and what you plan to study at the academic institution of your choice. College Essay Examples Features You will be provided tips in the next article that will help you figure out your priorities. Therefore, when you have a few really very good life stories to share, don't hesitate to do it. You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some excess recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you want to contact. A strong essay may be a definite advantage in earning your application stick out from the crowd. A great sample college essay isn't the simplest thing to find on the web, where anyone with a keyboard and a blog can post something which purports to be a quality, totally free essay. Whenever you have to write something for a college program, you wish to make certain you're being uniqu e. It's possible for you to discuss whatever isn't shown on a different part of your college application. College Essay Examples Secrets That No One Else Knows About So in case you have an essay assigned that you require help with, you can purchase essay online cheap from us. If you have to understand how to compose essays, you're not alone. Usually, an essay consists of several topics. To put it differently, 1 essay usually should be adapted to every school. Numerous quotations might also get the job done. You'll observe a similar structure in a lot of the essays. There are lots of essay examples here that provide the suitable structure and substance that will help you quickly compose an outstanding essay. It is preferable to acquire professional writing assistance from the corresponding support. If you would like to acquire an essay via the internet, our group of competent experts is in a position to edge. Are you trying hard to find quality writers. All our writers pass a considerable procedure to look at their abilities. Whatever They Told You About College Essay Examples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Custom writing means a severe company with high standards. It is preferable to get started writing as soon as you're assigned the endeavor. Writing about yourself can be hard, but when you get a concept of the way to compose a very good essay, you'll have less trouble. Essay writing is only a brief bit of writing on a particular subject. It is a gift that comes naturally. Writing a college essay can arrive in various forms and styles based on your taste. Writing a transfer essay isn't a mere formality. Top College Essay Examples Choices On the other, it's a manner of life. You will love our work. Be certain to ask somebody who knows you well. If it's the first time you're likely to use our article writing service, you most likely have plenty of questions. Choosing College Essay Examples Is Simple The revisions are completely free! You obtain a preview of your essay and ask to create corrections if necessary. Each paragraph has to be a minimum of 7-10 sentences. Introduction essay paragraphs are central in any bit of writing for the reason they give readers advance details about the content and the intention behind the material. College is a distinctive experience. Students know the best way to be creative. They lead busy lives and o ften forget about an upcoming deadline. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a specific topic.

growaw Epiphany of Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins The...

The Epiphany in The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, presents the struggle of an American woman at the turn of the century to find her own identity. At the beginning of the novel, the protagonist, Edna Pontellier, seems to define her identity in terms of being a wife, a mother and a member of her community. As the story progresses, Edna seeks to define herself as an individual. The turning point in her struggle can be seen clearly in a scene in which Edna realizes for the first time that she can swim. Having struggled to learn to swim for months, she realizes in this scene that it is easy and natural. This discovery is symbolic of Edna’s break from viewing herself in terms of what society expects her to be,†¦show more content†¦As with her religious faith, Edna has viewed her domestic life with the same unquestioning attitude. Her entire adult life has been driven along by the force of habit. She marries, has children, engages in appropriate hobbies and accepts what soci ety deems standard for a woman of her class because it is expected and normal. Only in the months in which this story takes place does Edna once again begin to question her complacency. She begins â€Å"to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her† (14). The turning point for Edna comes the night that she realizes she can swim. Reveling in how natural and easy it feels, she swims out alone, casting aside her need for â€Å"a hand nearby that might reach out and reassure her† (27). As she swims far away from her companions, Edna discovers two things. She finds space and solitude, and also a feeling of what she calls â€Å"the unlimited in which to lose herself† (28). Edna sees herself not only as a unique person, but also as one who is connected to a larger universe. Her initial reaction to this experience is fear, and she swims back to her comfortable companions. But the new awareness she reaches that night changes the way she looks at the world and how she conducts herself from that point onward. Immediately following her swim, Edna begins to rebel against her

Alzheimers College Essay free essay sample

It is around that time of year again. I can feel the crisp wind coiling around each lock of my hair. The lifeless leaves that lie along the cobble stone road crunch beneath the weight of my heavy heart. It is the anniversary of my Grandfather’s passing and I am reminded of a moment that will haunt me forever. I replay a memory that clarified what I had already known about his fate, but was reluctant to accept. I slowly approached the edge of the pond to lay my hand on my grandfather’s shoulder when, turning to gaze into my eyes, he said, â€Å"I know you belong to me but I don’t remember who you are.† I grew up sheltered from despair. As a little four-year old girl, losing a Barbie to my brother’s evil wrath was a traumatic experience. Being the little seven year old girl excluded from the boy’s baseball games always brought me to tears. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimers College Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the age of thirteen, my greatest misfortune was facial acne I tried to conceal underneath pounds of makeup. These silly situations had me searching for console. Grandpa’s arms were always open. As he brought me to kidnap my brother’s action figures, taught me how to slide into home plate and washed the makeup off my face, he told conciliatory anecdotes that always seemed to ease my pain. Recounting one life story after another, his pep talks grasped my attention for hours. From family scandals to fighting in Vietnam, there was never a dull moment. But as time elapsed and I grew older, our bond diminished. Regretfully, my grandfather began to fall down my list of priorities. Sharing everyday together turned into twice a week, then twice a month and eventually just holidays. Tragedy struck unexpectedly. Grandpa had fallen prey to Alzheimers. Accepting that my only grandfather would slowly forget my existence was a tragedy in itself; however, the real burden came when I realized he would eventually forget the events in his life that defined him. Every frivolous argument, warm embrace and tear that has ever streamed down his cheek would be erased from his memory. Gone forever. He had reached a time meant for self reflection by immersing himself in memories and reliving life-altering moments; however, my grandfather would never feel the gratification of a flashback. His memories forcibly distorted. Alzheimer’s was no longer an abstract concept. The disease was real, and there was no cure. The years directly preceding his passing were dark times. I witnessed a man I loved unconsciously lose everything he ever cherished. I was forced to battle feelings of regret that stemmed from our dwindling relationship. As I was saying what turned out to be my final goodbye, I can’t say I experienced an epiphany, but it definitely was a transformative moment. It occurred to me that maybe this disease was not a hindrance, but a sanction to truly live. Our journey on earth was not about finding ourselves, but about pushing ourselves to be the person we want to become. Maybe Grandpa was blessed. His ability to rediscover the world around him and everyday recreate himself inadvertently demonstrated that I can create my own future regardless of my past. The reality of human morality rendered all of my dissatisfactions with daily life trivial. Instead of rushing around dwelling on past inadequacies or future problems, Alzheimers taught me to step away from the pressures of society and appreciate the splendor of the moment. Through intense self-reflection and contemplation, I’ve realized how fragile life really is. Alzheimers enabled Grandpa Rosati and me to recognize the beauty of life. What was once just another disease has transformed the way I perceive my surroundings and has endowed me with a new appreciation for life. Through this paradoxically blissful event, I have realized that only in the darkness can one see the stars. Today, I sit here adjacent to the pond a different woman than I was three years ago. I have finally found the silver lining in this dark cloud.

Sigmund Freud’s theory on female sexuality Essay Example

Sigmund Freud’s theory on female sexuality Essay Freud revolutionized modern thinking with his conception and development of female sexuality. His theories about the Oedipus complex are of vital significance in the investigation of neuroses. The idea of infantile sexuality is linked to the effectively determinist approach of psychoanalysis that the past is repeated in the present, even if it is in a distorted form (Roger Horrocks, 2001).The present paper focuses on Freud’s major contribution in development of theory on female sexuality and his views about sexuality and females. Freud never accredited the actual relevancy of his principle of sexual intermediaries that emphasizes the everlasting inter sexual condition of all human beings and that intended to reinstate the traditional sexual binary with a outline of sexual plurality in which each individual is noticeable by a inimitable sexuality. Psychoanalytical theory of Freud depends upon the new conception of sexuality he developed in disagreement to the biological concept ion which were overriding in the nineteenth century. Freud considered sexuality as a general psychical character that comprises the very core of human activity.In developing his theories, Freud put heavy importance on biological development in general and on sexual development in particular. The elucidation of sexual differences plays a vital role in Freudian theory. His major work in advancing psychoanalysis was to be aware of the meaning of early childhood. Freud accentuated the course of psychosexual development through succession of stages focused upon body zones (Morgan 1981, pg: 520). The main rationale of psychoanalysis is not to explain woman figure but to know how she comes into being, how a woman develops out of a child with a bisexual character (Freud, 1933, p. 116).While Freud had an assumption of a perverse polymorphous temperament in every individual.   He eventually evaluated this disposition from the viewpoint of sexuality even though of its unsteadiness that const itutes the aim of the individuals sexual development. Freud formed an instrumentality that incorporated the redefinition of bisexuality as psychical content; a new approach to perversions, the psychic duality of the life and death drives in order to understand aspect of the sexual away from investigation. Furthermore, Freud stated   in Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality in 1924, the thought of drive is the most pertinent and at the same times the most unfinished part of psychoanalytical theory. Before the publication of the Three Essays, Freud initiated to develop a notion of bisexuality as a basic psychical structure common to all humans and independent of any biological substrate opposing to the embryological and anatomical idea of bisexuality as a natural episode. Freud mentioned in his theory that bisexuality is the real psychical basis of heterosexuality and homosexuality, both constitute formations based on the tapering of sexual choice.In view of the fact that unconsci ous bisexuality suggests as existing in a state of latency in all heterosexuals and as a descriptive belief of homosexual object choice, Freud discards the hypothesis of a separate third sex. Freud termed libido which is in psychic life, the sexual drive that marked itself through the mental energy. Freud indicated in Abriss der Psychoanalysew, a text began in1938 that even though the finding of the repressed Oedipus complex was the only achievement of psychoanalysis, it would deserve the claim to categorize this discipline with the important new possessions of humanity. Oedipus complex is best understood in Freudian theory, mainly as the unconscious demonstration that manifests the childs sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and his resentment to the parent of the same sex. The Oedipus complex emerges at the age of three and five years old, and in   the phallic phase of sexual development described by Freud, which follows the oral and anal phases and is preceding to t he genital phase that begins in puberty. According to Freud, there is no definite analogous between the male and female Oedipus complex.The Oedipus complex develops in the male child at the end with the emergence of the castration complex, that is, the identification by the child that the father figure represents a hindrance to the recognition of his incestuous wishes. He then relinquishes the mother and develops towards an identification with the father that let him to pick up objects different from the mother, but of her same sex. In contrasts to this development in the male child, the Oedipus complex in the female child is turned into possible by her wakefulness of castration, which results in penis envy. The complex is noticed in her desire to have a child by her father. The girl, then, has to give up her mother as an object of the same sex in order to reorient herself toward the desire of the paternal penis. To explain this notion Freud asserted that the libido present from the beginning in both sexes is of a male nature. For Freud, the postulation of this libidinal monism is substantiated by the equivalence between the female refusal of femininity in the form of penis envy and the male resistance against the passive attitude toward other men. He further stated the denial of feminine passivity is embedded in the biological basis of sexuality, which psychoanalysis is unable of altering (Morgan, 1981, pg: 521).Freud focused on the progressive replacement of erotogenic zones in the body by others to predict the decisive development of the sexual drive. He explained that an initially polymorphous sexuality first look for satisfaction orally through sucking at the mothers breast, an object for which other substitutes can later be provided. The infant comes to realize its mother as the first external love object because initially he can not differentiate between self and breast. Afterward Freud would challenged that even before that moment, the child can indulg ence its own body as such an object, going beyond undifferentiated autoeroticism to a egotistical love for the self as such. Because Freud mainly believed on male sexuality as the standard of development, his investigation of third phase aroused substantial resistance, due to his declaration that its major concern is castration anxiety. To understand this concept of fear meant by Freud, it is essential to comprehend one of his innermost contentions. It has been stated that the death of Freuds father created shock that allowed him to look into his own psyche. He speculates that every male child has a desire to sleep with his mother and remove the obstruction to the realization of that wish, his father. He later called the Oedipus complex which presents the child with a decisive problem, for the unrealizable longing at its root aggravates an imagined response on the part of the father that is the danger of castration. If the Oedipus complex associated with castration anxiety is being resolved then the phallic stage can only be successfully passed. Freud explained that this resolution can take place when the boy finally represses his sexual desire for the mother, entering a period of latency, and internalizes the reproachful ruling out of the father, making it his own with the construction of that part of the psyche which   Freud labeled the superego or the conscience.If the conception of ethnicity is understood as the institution of relationship structures based on exogamy, then the Oedipal drama reveals the deeper resist between natural desire and cultural authority. Freud, conversely, always preserved the intra psychic significance of the Oedipus complex, whose thriving resolution is the prerequisite for the changeover through latency to the mature sexuality.   Freud observed that the parent of the opposite sex is irrefutably neglected in support of a more appropriate love object able to respond reproductively useful fervor. He detailed that sexual develop ment is upsetting maladjustments thwarting this upshot if the psychosexual stages are unsuccessfully passed. At any time, fixation of sexual objects can come about that is caused either by an actual disturbance or the obstruction of a dominant libidinal urge. If the fixation is permissible to put across itself straightforwardly at a later age, it results in distortion. Freud argued that if some part of the psyche forbids such overt expression then repressed and censored impulse produces neurotic symptoms, neuroses being conceptualized as the negative of perversions. Freud’s theory of the sexual origin of neurosis comes from the reality that he observed many of his patients suffered from hysteria and he diagnosed sexual repression to be the reason. Conformist Freudians acknowledge believing in the sexual origin of all neurosis, and since they look for unconscious sexual memories in their patients, and interpret what they hear into sexual symbols (Blunden, 1998).Perception of f emale sexuality is one of the most disparaged aspects of Freuds psychoanalytical theory. Sigmund Freud believed that sexual gratification was a fundamental need for both men and women. However, he wasn’t at all certain that women could grown-up to reach their sexual potential. Dr. Freud had a commanding pessimistic influence on the understanding of the sexual nature of women. Sigmund Freud theorized that men are being gradually thrashed for years over some imprudent annotations about female sexuality. Freud constantly affirmed his unawareness of female sexuality all through his work. Due to social factors, he disposed to look upon this ignorance as human being. He increasingly seemed it as arising from the psychology of women and the nature of femininity itself. In the beginning of 1905, he attributed the impenetrable obscurity surrounding female sexuality to a certain extent to the stunting effect of civilized conditions and partly to the conventional secretiveness and insin cerity of women.Later on, for explanation given that the nature of femininity is itself a puzzle, Freud agreed to a new prudence concerning the applicability of the oedipal model to the little girl. The theory of adult female sexuality proposed by Freud rests upon his concept of the Oedipus complex, which is basically that the boy regards his mother as his own property (Freud 1961, pg: 48). Freud observes this thought infringing up when the boy enters in   adolescent stage, because, as he writes the time has come for disintegration, just as the milk teeth fall out when the permanent ones begin to grow (Freud 1961, pg: 48). While Freuds theory caused quite a blend, it is a historic phenomenon, and man descends from lower creatures. It has to be considered that at the time when Freud developed his thoughts, he lived in the society (Viennese) where women were stringently the second sex and were well thought-out to be useful as wives and mothers. It meant females were considered as pr ogenitors of the family and nation.Even though he deeply premeditated the notion of a boys need his mother, but it is also a need to know that there laid within many women the need for sexual aggressiveness. Freud again emphasizes that women have a desire for physical sex but it is not necessary to give birth to baby. In some way, Freud gave contradictory statement that is he refers to the primacy of the phallus for both sexes, he warns that we can describe this state of things only as it affects the male child, the corresponding processes in the little girl are not known to us. Freud writings on female sexuality were developed in 1931 when Freud comes to the understanding of something that he had been incapable to see before that fact behind the womans entire sexual development was the little girls attachment to the pre-oedipal mother. After such observation, He appropriately eulogizes the research of women analysts and explains his lack of knowledge as a problem of counter-transfe rence. It is a truth that Freud never renounces his conviction in the importance of penis envy for female sexuality.   In Analysis Terminable and Interminable, he explains the suspicion that one has been preaching to the winds when one is trying to convince a woman to abandon her wish for a penis.   Later on, he also pressurizes the importance for female sexuality of an strong and enduring attachment to the pre oedipal mother an attachment that marks all succeeding love objects, including, most importantly, the attachment to the Oedipal father (Grigg, pg:7-8).Freud stated that sexual desires conflicts with one another, with social conventions, and most vitally, with reality. He scrutinized them as primary but by no means entirely fulfilled. According to Freud’s clearing up, we have much desire for what we do not have or what we feel we have lost, and these unfulfilled desires find expression in surprising, sometimes troubling ways. When Freud thought his theory of psychoa nalysis is valuable and he provide therapy to help frustrated women to understand their need for sexual recognition, and to realize that their sons have a ostensibly unnatural attachment to their mothers, he look into deeper into womens wishes. Even though Freud admitted his comparative unawareness about the desires of women, he contemplated that their sex drives helped form a distinctive female subjectivity. These assumptions aggravated lively disagreements among his followers and critics that are still continue today. In Freuds analysis, the little girl had to come to terms with her self-perception of being a botched boy.Many critics from Freuds times and today have comments that Freud seems superciliousness toward homosexuality. Freuds own theories created many qualms that women are often frightened that Oedipus complex that turns them at a very early age to an apparent need for sexual attention from their mothers and never to another woman. He observed that both young girls and boys have a need for their mothers, but girls seem to grow out of it more rapidly as compared to boys. On the contrary, Freud observed one upsetting growing-up observable fact which appears to persists into female adulthood. In the beginning, the boy childs penis and the girl childs clitoris are to some extent equal. It is only when girl makes a comparison with a playfellow of the other sex, she perceives that she has come off faultily and she examines this as a serious mistake done to her and she developed inferiority complex (Freud 1961, pg: 51). This feeling of inferiority, women faces till adult life. When this awareness crops up, women were considered inferior in many ways, and consequently the feelings of adult woman persevered.According to Freud’s exploration about female sexuality, when girls enter to the stage of adulthood, somehow the male castration complex turns into trepidation of the loss of love. In other way, it can be concluded that adult female sexuality is a searching for love and for some sort of equalization of her female genitalia with that of a male. She is entered rather than doing any entering, which makes her submissive and in need of a male sexual partner to make her feel imperative within the limits of her sexuality. Freud stated that man can gratify their sexual desire more willingly than women, but the woman in a passive position that pursues her throughout her life. She is left with two wishes to possess a penis and a child which prepares the female creature for her later sexual role (Freud 1961, pg: 52). According to Freud’s analysis, females have clear understanding that she will never have a penis, and that, without a dominant male, she can never achieve her second wish.Another adjustment observed in a womans nature that may arise in a marriage when she gives birth to first child. Under the pressure of a womans becoming a mother herself, recognition with her own mother may be invigorated, against which she had st ruggle up till the time of her marriage, and this may attract the entire available libido to itself. Her attitude as a mother in differentiating reaction to the birth of a son or a daughter represents that the old factor of lack of a penis has even now lost its potency. A mother is only brought limitless contentment by her relation to a son, this is overall the most ideal, the most free from ambivalence of all human relationships. Later on, many analysts of female sexuality have focused more consideration to the girls relations with the pre-Oedipal mother than to the vicissitudes of the Oedipus complex.The most important contribution of Freud’s psychoanalytic theories is perhaps the fact that it raised more study of the human mind, and the motivation behind an individual’s behavior, thus leading to more study and innovation of new ideas and theories. His work had a thoughtful influence on a female sexuality. Freud’s psychoanalysis was focused on general concept that is Oedipus complex. His observations were restricted to cultural concepts. His theory of sexuality was adapted by number of modern theorists which did not put more stress on sexuality that our society tackles in a very different from those of Viennease society in Freud’s day (Morgan 1981, pg: 527). Freuds account of female sexuality is critically weakened by the ideological hierarchies and asymmetries he inherited from his surroundings and scholarly environment. Freudian psychology, with its prominence on freedom from a repressive morality to achieve sexual realization, was part of the ideology of women’s liberation. Freud was a most insightful and precise observer of important problems of the human personality (Blunden, 1998).;

Goonies essays

Goonies essays Many people in the world are smart, bud a kid in the movie The Goonies named Data is different. His is from China and is very accident-prone. He has a very active imagination and is clumsy. Data is very smart and inventive. Data is the inventor of the group. His inventions help the Goonies escape from the Fertellis. Data uses a belt with many weird inventions in it. Such as a grappling hook invention that is supposed to grab things and bring them to him, but it pull him towards the object. Data is also very accident-prone. When he was sliding down the towline to the Goon Docks he crashed through the screen on the front door and crashed onto the floor. Data is also the only person in the group from a different country. He is a Chinese kid with many weird but great ideas. Throughout the movie, Data uses many of his inventions. When the Goonies first entered the passage to the treasure, it was really dark. Data was going to use his Bully Blinders to light up the passage. He made the lights to blind kids that tried to push around. It would blind the bully so he could run away. But the lights were really bright and used up the battery quickly, so that idea didnt work. When the Fertellis were chasing the Goonies, Mikey tripped of the traps. Data fell down a hole towards a pit of spikes. He then used his Pinchers of Power to stop falling and he then finds a new room. This leads them closer to the treasure. The Goonies ran into a stream near the end of the passage with a log that went across it. Everyone ran across except Data. He stopped about halfway across and said that he had an idea. Data uses his Slick Shoes, which sprays oil behind him, to cover the log and make it slippery. The Fertellis ran over the log, slipped and fell into the water. Whenever the Goonies run into a problem with the Fertellis, data alwa...

Biography of José Francisco de San Martín, Latin American Liberator

Biography of Josà © Francisco de San Martà ­n, Latin American Liberator Josà © Francisco de San Martà ­n (February 25, 1778–August 17, 1850) was an Argentine general and governor who led his nation during the wars of Independence from Spain. He is counted among the founding fathers of Argentina and also led the liberations of Chile and Peru. Fast Facts: Josà © Francisco de San Martà ­n Known For:  Leading or helping to lead the liberations of Argentina, Chile and Peru from Spain.Born: February 25, 1778 in Yapeyu, Province of Corrientes, Argentina.Parents: Juan de San Martà ­n and Gregoria Matorras.Died:  August 17, 1850, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.Education: Seminary of Nobles, enrolled as cadet in the Murcia infantry regiment.Published Works:  Antologà ­a.Spouse: Marà ­a de los Remedios de Escalada de la Quintana.Child: Marà ­a de las Mercedes Tomasa de San Martà ­n y Escalada.Notable Quote: The soldiers of our land know no luxury, but glory. Early Life Josà © Francisco de San Martin was born on February 25, 1878 in Yapeyu in the Province of Corrientes, Argentina, the youngest son of Lieutenant Juan de San Martà ­n, the Spanish governor. Yapeyu was a beautiful town on the Uruguay River, and young Josà © lived a privileged life there as the governors son. His dark complexion caused many whispers about his parentage while he was young, although it would serve him well later in life. When Josà © was seven years old, his father was recalled to Spain and returned with his family. In Spain, Josà © attended good schools, including the Seminary of Nobles where he showed skill in math and joined the army as a cadet at the young age of eleven. By seventeen he was a lieutenant and had seen action in North Africa and France. Military Career with the Spanish At the age of 19, he was serving with the Spanish navy, fighting the British on several occasions. At one point, his ship was captured, but he was returned to Spain in a prisoner exchange. He fought in Portugal and at the blockade of Gibraltar, and rose swiftly in rank as he proved to be a skilled and loyal soldier. When France invaded Spain in 1806, he fought against them on several occasions, eventually rising to the rank of Adjutant-General. He commanded a regiment of dragoons, very skilled light cavalry. This accomplished career soldier and war hero seemed the most unlikely of candidates to defect and join the insurgents in South America, but thats exactly what he did. Joining the Rebels In September of 1811, San Martin boarded a British ship in Cadiz with the intention of returning to Argentina, where he had not been since the age of seven, and joining the Independence movement there. His motives remain unclear  but may have had to do with San Martà ­ns ties to the Masons, many of whom were pro-Independence. He was the highest ranking Spanish officer to defect to the patriot side in all of Latin America. He arrived in Argentina in March of 1812 and at first, he was greeted with suspicion by Argentine leaders, but he soon proved his loyalty and ability. San Martà ­n accepted a modest command, but made the most of it, ruthlessly drilling his recruits into a coherent fighting force. In January of 1813, he defeated a small Spanish force that had been harassing settlements on the Parana River. This victory - one of the first for Argentines against the Spanish - captured the imagination of the Patriots, and before long San Martà ­n was head of all of the armed forces in Buenos Aires. The Lautaro Lodge San Martà ­n was one of the leaders of the Lautaro Lodge, a secretive, Mason-like group dedicated to complete liberty for all of Latin America. The Lautaro Lodge members were sworn to secrecy and so little is known about their rituals or even their membership, but they formed the heart of the Patriotic Society, a more public institution which consistently applied political pressure for greater freedom and independence. The presence of similar lodges in Chile and Peru aided the independence effort in those nations as well. Lodge members often held high government posts. Argentinas Army of the North, under the command of General Manuel Belgrano, had been fighting royalist forces from Upper Peru (now Bolivia) to a stalemate. In October 1813, Belgrano was defeated at the Battle of Ayahuma and San Martà ­n was sent to relieve him. He took command in January of 1814 and soon mercilessly drilled the recruits into a formidable fighting force. He decided it would be foolish to attack uphill into fortified Upper Peru. He felt that a far better plan of attack would be to cross the Andes in the south, liberate Chile, and attack Peru from the south and by sea. He would never forget his plan, even though it would take him years to fulfill. Preparations for the Invasion of Chile San Martà ­n accepted the governorship of the Province of Cuyo in 1814 and set up shop in the city of Mendoza, which at that time was receiving numerous Chilean Patriots going into exile after the crushing Patriot defeat at the Battle of Rancagua. The Chileans were divided even amongst themselves, and San Martà ­n made the fateful decision to support Bernardo OHiggins over Jose Miguel Carrera and his brothers. Meanwhile, in northern Argentina, the Army of the north had been defeated by the Spanish, clearly proving once and for all that the route to Peru through Upper Peru (Bolivia) would be too difficult. In July of 1816, San Martà ­n finally got approval for his plan to cross into Chile and attack Peru from the south from President Juan Martà ­n de Pueyrredà ³n. The Army of the Andes San Martà ­n immediately began recruiting, outfitting and drilling the Army of the Andes. By the end of 1816, he had an army of some 5,000 men, including a healthy mix of infantry, cavalry, artillerymen and support forces. He recruited officers and accepted tough Gauchos into his army, usually as horsemen. Chilean exiles were welcome, and he appointed OHiggins as his immediate subordinate. There was even a regiment of British soldiers who would fight bravely in Chile. San Martà ­n was obsessed with details, and the army was as well equipped and trained as he could make it. The horses all had shoes, blankets, boots, and weapons were procured, the food was ordered and preserved, etc. No detail was too trivial for San Martà ­n and the Army of the Andes, and his planning would pay off when the army crossed the Andes. Crossing the Andes In January of 1817, the army set off. The Spanish forces in Chile were expecting him and he knew it. Should the Spanish decide to defend the pass he chose, he could face a hard battle with weary troops. But he fooled the Spanish by mentioning an incorrect route in confidence to some Indian allies. As he had suspected, the Indians were playing both sides and sold the information to the Spanish. Therefore, the royalist armies were far to the south of where San Martà ­n actually crossed. The crossing was arduous, as flatland soldiers and Gauchos struggled with the freezing cold and high altitudes, but San Martà ­ns meticulous planning paid off and he lost relatively few men and animals. In February of 1817, the Army of the Andes entered Chile unopposed. The Battle of Chacabuco The Spanish soon realized they had been duped and scrambled to keep the Army of the Andes out of Santiago. The Governor, Casimiro Marcà ³ del Pont, sent all available forces out under the command of General Rafael Maroto with the purpose of delaying San Martà ­n until reinforcements could arrive. They met at the  Battle of Chacabuco  on February 12, 1817. The result was a huge patriot victory: Maroto was completely routed, losing half his force, while the Patriot losses were negligible. The Spanish in Santiago fled, and San Martà ­n rode triumphantly into the city at the head of his army. The Battle of Maipu San Martà ­n still believed that for Argentina and Chile to be truly free, the Spanish needed to be removed from their stronghold in Peru. Still covered in glory from his triumph at Chacabuco, he returned to Buenos Aires to get funds and reinforcements. News from Chile soon brought him hurrying back across the Andes. Royalist and Spanish forces in southern Chile had joined with reinforcements and were threatening Santiago. San Martà ­n took charge of the patriot forces once more and met the Spanish at  the Battle of Maipu  on April 5, 1818. The Patriots crushed the Spanish army, killing some 2,000, capturing around 2,200 and seizing all of the Spanish artillery. The stunning victory at Maipu marked the definitive liberation of Chile: Spain would never again mount a serious threat to the area. On to Peru With Chile finally secure, San Martin could set his sights on Peru at last. He began building or acquiring a navy for Chile: a tricky task, given that the governments in Santiago and  Buenos Aires  were virtually bankrupt. It was difficult to make Chileans and Argentines see the benefits of liberating Peru, but San Martà ­n had great prestige by then and he was able to convince them. In August of 1820, he departed from Valparaiso with a modest army of some 4,700 soldiers and 25 cannons, well supplied with horses, weapons, and food. It was a smaller force than what San Martà ­n believed he would need. March to Lima San Martà ­n believed that the best way to liberate Peru was to get the Peruvian people to accept independence voluntarily. By 1820, royalist Peru was an isolated outpost of Spanish influence. San Martà ­n had liberated Chile and Argentina to the south, and  Simà ³n Bolà ­var  and Antonio Josà © de Sucre had freed Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela to the north, leaving only Peru and present-day Bolivia under Spanish rule. San Martà ­n had brought a printing press with him on the expedition, and he began bombarding citizens of Peru with pro-independence propaganda. He maintained a steady correspondence with Viceroys Joaquà ­n de la Pezuela and Josà © de la Serna in which he urged them to accept the inevitability of independence and surrender willingly in order to avoid bloodshed. Meanwhile, San Martà ­ns army was closing in on Lima. He captured Pisco on September 7 and Huacho on November 12. Viceroy La Serna responded by moving the royalist army from Lima to the defensible port of Callao in July of 1821, basically abandoning the city of Lima to San Martà ­n. The people of Lima, who feared an uprising by slaves and Indians more than they feared the army of Argentines and Chileans at their doorstep, invited  San Martin  into the city. On July 12, 1821, he triumphantly entered Lima to the cheers of the populace. Protector of Peru On July 28, 1821, Peru officially declared independence, and on August 3, San Martà ­n was named Protector of Peru and set about setting up a government. His brief rule was enlightened and marked by stabilizing the economy, freeing slaves, giving freedom to the Peruvian Indians and abolishing such hateful institutions as censorship and the Inquisition. The Spanish had armies at the port of Callao and high in the mountains. San Martà ­n starved out the garrison at Callao and waited for the Spanish army to attack him along the narrow, easily defended coastline leading to Lima: they wisely declined, leaving a sort of stalemate. San Martà ­n would later be accused of cowardice for failing to seek out the Spanish army, but to do so would have been foolish and unnecessary. Meeting of the Liberators Meanwhile, Simà ³n Bolà ­var and Antonio Josà © de Sucre were sweeping down out of the north, chasing the Spanish out of northern  South America. San Martà ­n and Bolà ­var met in Guayaquil in July of 1822 to decide how to proceed. Both men came away with a negative impression of the other. San Martà ­n decided to step down and allow Bolà ­var the glory of crushing the final Spanish resistance in the mountains. His decision was most likely made because he knew that they would not get along and one of them would have to step aside, which Bolà ­var would never do. Retirement and Death San Martà ­n returned to Peru, where he had become a controversial figure. Some adored him and wanted him to become King of Peru, while others detested him and wanted him out of the nation completely. The staid soldier soon tired of the endless bickering and backstabbing of government life and abruptly retired. By September of 1822, he was out of Peru and back in Chile. When he heard that his beloved wife Remedios was ill, he hastened back to Argentina but she died before he reached her side. San Martà ­n soon decided that he was better off elsewhere, and took his young daughter Mercedes to Europe. They settled in France. In 1829, Argentina called him back to help settle a dispute with Brazil which eventually would lead to the establishment of the nation of Uruguay. He returned, but by the time he reached Argentina the tumultuous government had once again changed and he was not welcome. He spent two months in Montevideo before returning once again to France. There he led a quiet life before passing away in 1850. Personal Life San Martà ­n was a consummate military professional, who lived a  Spartan  life. He had little tolerance for dances, festivals and showy parades, even when they were in his honor (unlike Bolà ­var, who loved such pomp and pageantry). He was loyal to his beloved wife during most of his campaigns, only taking a clandestine lover at the end of his fighting in Lima. His early wounds pained him greatly, and San Martin took a great deal of laudanum to relieve his suffering. Although it occasionally clouded his mind, it did not keep him from winning great battles. He enjoyed cigars and an occasional glass of wine. He refused almost all of the honors and rewards that grateful people of South America tried to give him, including rank, positions, land, and money. Legacy San Martà ­n had asked in his will that his heart is buried in Buenos Aires: in 1878 his remains were brought to the Buenos Aires Cathedral, where they still rest in a stately tomb. San Martà ­n is the greatest national hero of Argentina and he is considered a great hero by Chile and Peru as well. In Argentina, there are statues, streets, parks, and schools named after him wherever you go. As a liberator, his glory is as great or nearly as great as that of Simà ³n Bolà ­var. Like Bolà ­var, he was a visionary able to see beyond the confining borders of his own homeland and visualize a continent free of foreign rule. Also like Bolà ­var, he was constantly stymied by the petty ambitions of the lesser men who surrounded him. He differs from Bolà ­var chiefly in his actions after independence: while Bolà ­var exhausted the last of his energies fighting to unite South America into one great nation, San Martà ­n quickly tired of backstabbing politicians and retired to a quiet life in exile. The history of South America might have been very different had San Martà ­n remained involved in politics. He believed that the people of Latin America needed a firm hand to lead them and was a proponent of establishing a monarchy, preferably led by some European prince, in the lands he liberated. San Martà ­n was criticized during his life for cowardice for failing to chase nearby Spanish armies or for waiting for days in order to meet them on a ground of his choosing. History has borne out his decisions and today his military choices are held up as examples of martial prudence rather than cowardice. His life was full of courageous decisions, from deserting the Spanish army to fight for Argentina to crossing the Andes to  free Chile  and Peru, which were not his homeland. San Martà ­n was an outstanding general, courageous leader, and visionary politician and is very deserving of his heroic status in the nations he liberated. Sources Gray, William H. â€Å"The Social Reforms of San Martin.† The Americas 7.1, 1950. 3–11.Francisco San Martà ­n, Jose. Antologà ­a. Barcelona: Linkgua-Digital, 2019.Harvey, Robert.  Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence  Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000.Lynch, John.  The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826  New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986.

The Role of Training in Employee Performance Improvement Essay

The Role of Training in Employee Performance Improvement - Essay Example Some were focused on the developmental aspect of learning while other theorists suggest learning in the behavioural context. In the constructivist view of learning, there are two important developments beyond the notion of an 'accumulation'. First, there is a flexibility in cognitive structure that allows change but without the influence of a third party to facilitate learning. Second, new materials are digested through the assimilation and selection processes.of learning (Moon 2004, p.17). Pavlovian conditioning theory asserts that learning is achieved if appropriate stimulus is given. Piaget has made major contributions to our understandings of the learning process, in particular through his emphasis on human beings as "active meaning-makers rather than passive 'recipients' of knowledge" (Moore 2000,p.30). Bloom presented the three domains of learning as cognitive (intellectual capability), affective (emotions) and psychomotor (skills). Bloom espoused the importance of progressive learning. As the student progresses and completes a level, the next level also increases in the degree of difficulty (Chapman 2005). Recent developments in learning techniques are introduced in the attempt to bridge the gap between theory and practice. But these are not new theories as explained by Moon (2004). For Dewey (1933), reflection is thinking about the self, his function as an individual. Reflective qualities focused on the strengths and weakness "typifies the holistic aspirations behind Personal Development Programmes. Kolb's (1984) "cycle of experiential learning" is a familiar concept. (Reflection n.d.) Elements of Effective Training and Development Programs Noe and Colquitte (2002) have four criteria so training and development programs are considered effective. The trainees must: a) be ready to learn; b) be motivated; c) learn the content of the training program; and d) transfer their training when back on the job. When organizations implement training and development programs, they must inform their employees about the purpose of the program and how it will help them perform their jobs better. The organization must also make it clear to the employees that the training program is meant to improve performance and not nitpick areas where they are deficient. The company can use technology like web-based applications to facilitate training so that it gives participants some degrees of freedom and flexibility. Finally, some testimonial from previous participants will encourage employees to join the training sessions. Determining Employee Training Readiness To determine training readiness of employees, the Human Resource Department will conduct an organizational meeting where parties involved are invited to participate in the discussion. Representative from various departments of the organization can aid in the discussion and analysis of the learning goals and processes. Important inputs must be gleaned about various operational procedures. Participants must maintain a broad perspective on the activity and avoid presumptions that would otherwise contaminate the results (Freeman 1993,